| 翻訳と辞書 |
| Fritz Mauthner ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
Fritz Mauthner
Fritz Mauthner (22 November 1849 – 29 June 1923) was an Austro-Hungarian novelist, theatre critic, satirist, and exponent of philosophical skepticism derived from a critique of human knowledge.
==Life==
Mauthner was born on 22 November 1849 into an assimilated, well-to-do Jewish family from Horschitz (Hořice; also Horschitz) in Bohemia. His father owned a small weaving factory in Horschitz and at the age of six the family moved to Prague to provide a better education for the children. Mauthner's (1918) ''Erinnerungen'' provides a fascinating account of his early upbringing in Prague, portraying the situation of the family as Jews in relation to German and Czech cultures and languages and within the national conflict in Bohemia. As Gershon Weiler (1970) observes in ''Mauthner's Critique of Language'', it is not by chance that Mauthner's early attention was directed to the problems of language as he found himself growing up in a linguistic crossfield where German, Czech and Hebrew were all part of the cultural mix and deeply intertwined with questions of identity and belonging - "I cannot understand how a Jew born in a Slavonic land of the Austrian empire could not be drawn to the study of language." Mauthner's agnosticism was also influenced by his early experiences. His parents were assimilated Jews but he did receive some religious grounding while at school. This smattering of knowledge eventually led him to develop a strong antipathy to religion which he came to associate with the empty rituals he had been forced to undertake as a youth in Bohemia.
Mauthner was frustrated by his educational experiences and after being held back for three years only earned his Matura at the age of twenty from Kleinseiter-Gymnasium in Prague. In accordance with his father's wishes, between 1869 and 1873 Mauthner studied law at the University of Prague, the Karolinum. In reality he regarded his legal training with little more than contempt and busied himself with miscellaneous subjects ranging from poetry to philosophy and the history of art. It was at the University of Prague that he attended the public lectures of the physicist Ernst Mach and he acknowledged that "Mach's epistemological positivism was alive in () subconscious" when he later developed his critique of language. He passed only the first state examination in jurisprudence and upon his father's death promptly left the university after which he was occupied for a short time in a lawyer's office in Prague. While there he published a collection of sonnets, under the title ''"Die Grosse Revolution"'' (1871), which almost brought him an indictment for treason. This was followed by ''"Anna"'' and several minor comedies, which were successfully produced. He then devoted himself exclusively to literature. After writing for a time for Prague publications, his fascination with Wilhelmine Germany led him to move, in 1876, to Berlin-Grunewald, where he wrote critical articles for various journals. Though his novels and popular parodies of German classical poems brought him moderate literary fame, he spent most of the time between 1876 and 1905 as a theatre critic for ''Berliner Tageblatt'', where he became editor in 1895. As Vierhufe (1970) noted, analysis of his early works reveals that even at this stage he was a notable critic with insight into the age he lived in, the prevailing cultural climate, and above all linguistic style. It is thus possible to regard his early literary work as a precursor of his later epistemologically oriented critique of language and language usage.
Mauthner was largely an interloper in philosophy and in the climate of language-critical philosophy which emphasised teamwork and collaboration he was ostracised, reduced to drawing inspiration from the great outsiders of the discipline such as Spinoza and Schopenhauer. In the intellectual circles of the time he was regarded as a little more than a meddling journalist who concerned himself with affairs about which he knew nothing. He regarded academics with commensurate contempt and made endless fun of ''Philosophieprofessoren''. Mauthner's polemical style did little to endear him to other philosophers and the second edition of Beitrage he lashed out against Friedrich Max Muller and described Ludwig Noiré's monism as "''wörterglaubig''" or caught in verbal superstitions. He did however have a long friendship with Gustav Landauer whom he met while serving on the board of the Freie Bühne and the two collaborated in his later years before ultimately falling out over their political differences. Landauer introduced Mauthner to his friend Martin Buber who was impressed by his mysticism and asked him to contribute to a series of social-psychological studies he edited, ''Die Gesellschaft.'' Buber encouraged Mauthner to make a contribution by saying "It needs you, you more than anyone else". Mauthner also had a lifelong friendship with Clara Levysohn to whom he covertly dedicated the ''Beitrage'' and it is apparent from their letters that a close relationship existed between the two. Clara's husband intervened in 1895 and from this time on Clara and Fritz agreed to communicate by correspondence only, with an occasional short meeting. Mauthner subsequently moved to Freiberg where he met Harriet Straub, a doctor in 1907. They married and moved to Meersburg in 1911 where Mauthner lived until his death at Lake Constance. He edited the ''Bibliothek der Philosophen'' for a time but retired from public life entirely just before World War I to pursue the philosophy and politics of language.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
■ウィキペディアで「Fritz Mauthner」の詳細全文を読む
スポンサード リンク
| 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース |
Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.
|
|